Architectures in Dublin
In a.d. 1142 when Domhnall O Cearbhaill, prince of Oriel, gave a grant of land on the banks of the Mattock, St Bernard sent over a number of monks from Clairvaux, who colonised the new foundation. Once the order was introduced it quickly spread, and within a few- years of .the foundation of Melhfont five other foundations, namely :-Bective, Bovie, Monastcranenagh, Baltinglas, and Shrule had been colonised from it. Archbishop Malachias died in 1148 at Clairvaux in the arms of St Bernard. Mellifont was the principal Cistercian house in Ireland, its abbot taking precedence over all the Irish Cistercian abbots. It became exceedingly prosperous in later times, and received a charter from both Henry II. and King John, while the unfortunate Dearbhforgaill, who died within its walls, endowed it with lands. At the dissolution of the monasteries Melhfont came into the possession of Edward Moore, ancestor of the 
marquis of Drogheda. It now belongs to the Balfours of Townley Hall. The abbey church was cruciform ; the nave had seven bays. The north wall of the north transept contains a fine doorway. The best preserved remains are those of the chapter house, and of the lavabo. The former consisted of two stories, with a handsome groined roof. The latter was an octagonal building : it is now roofless, but the corbels and groins for supporting a stone roof can be observed. Cathedrals and Churches Dublin, Dubhlinn, the black pool, possesses two cathedrals of the same denomination: -Holy Trinity, commonly called Christchurch, and St Patricks.
Christ Church Cathedral
Both are Anglican and were restored in the second half of the nineteenth century. Holy Trinity is the older foundation ; it was established about 1038 A.D. by the Norse- men, who at that period were in possession of Dublin (Holiday Cottages, Dublin, Ireland). Though its diocese was contained within the city walls, neither diocese nor bishop were recognised by the Irish Church, but were under the direct control of the arch- bishop of Canterbury. The Irish Church did not recognise the diocese of Dublin (Holiday Homes, Dublin, Ireland) until more than a century later, when an Irishman, Taurence OToole (Lorcan O Tuathail), was appointed archbishop of the Eastern province of the church. He converted his cathedral clergy into Aroasian Canons. When, shortly after- wards, Dublin was captured from the Norsemen by the Anglo-Normans the Cathedral appears to have been destroyed, but was immediately rebuilt on the former foundations. It remained the priory and cathedral church of Holy Trinity until the Reformation, when Henry VIII converted the prior and convent into a Dean and Chapter. Christchurch has been the scene of stirring events of Irish history ; in it Lambert Simnel was crowned in 1487 ; the tabernacle and candlesticks used when mass was celebrated during James 11s stay in Ireland are still preserved in the crypt. Richard de Clare (Strongbow) was buried in the cathedral, but it is doubtful if the so-called Strongbow monument, situated on the south side of the nave, is the original one erected to the memory of the earl. The arms on the effigys shield are not those of Clare, and it is probable that the present effigy has replaced the original which had 
been destroyed. In the nineteenth century the cathedral fell into a much ruined state. It was practically rebuilt by the late Henry Roe. at a cost of some ^220,000, the architect being the late G. E. Street: it was reopened in 1878. The rebuilding and restoration were carried out in the Early English style. The origin of St Patricks Cathedral is to be sought in an ancient church of St Patrick de Insula lying just without the walls of Dublin (Accommodation, Dublin, Ireland). Archbishop Comyn made this into a collegiate church in A.D. 1190, and his successor, Archbishop Henri de Loundres, raised it to cathedral rank. The archbishop of Dublin had complete jurisdiction within the precincts of the cathedral; the manor of St. Sepulchre, the cathedral, and houses for the clergy, were strongly fortified with massive walls and embattled gates. All traces of the fortifications and clergy houses have disappeared, but portions of the ancient palace of St Sepulchre, now used as a police-barrack, and the library, remain. There was in early times considerable rivalry between St Patricks 
and Holy Trinity Cathedral. Both claimed to have the privilege of enthroning the archbishop of Dublin, but Holy Trinity maintained its position as the older and mother church. At the disestablishment of the Irish Church in 1870, St Patricks was constituted the National Cathedral while Christ- church, as Holy Trinity Cathedral is usually called, was made the. diocesan cathedral of Dublin (Hotels, Dublin, Ireland) and Glenda- lough. St Patricks Cathedral which had fallen into a state of great decay in the early nineteenth century was restored by Sir Benjamin Lee Guinness (1863-9), at a cost of some 150,000 pounds. It is now a beautiful building which has fortunately not suffered in the same degree as Westminster Abbey by 192 being turned into a mausoleum. The most interesting monuments are those of the earl of Cork ; Archbishop Tregury (1471) ; the brasses of Sir Henry Wallop, Dean Sutton, Dean Fytche, and Sir Edward Fitton. Dean Swift and Stella are buried at the foot of the second column from the west door. St Doulaughs Church, between Malahide and Dublin (Self Catering, Dublin, Ireland), fa8 is the only building of the kind now remaining in Ireland. It is generally supposed to be named after the Norse saint, Olaf. The church, which probably dates from the fourteenth century, has a steep stone-gabled roof and a low central embattled tower ; this was divided into several stories, and used as a dwelling-place. The west end of the church contains a plain altar tomb, and the cell of a hermit. To the north-east of the church is an octagonal stone-roofed well-house containing a well.