Botany | Geology | Zoology |
Dublin and its Vicinity
The city and suburbs of Dublin (Self Catering, Dublin, Ireland) are interesting as being the headquarters of two rare plants-Sisymbrium Irio, unknown elsewhere in Ireland, and Mercurialis anmia, which, though frequently occurring about other towns in the southern half of the country, is much more abundant here than elsewhere. Neither of these plants is indigenous in Ireland.
The occurrence of marine shells in the Glacial deposits of Co. Wicklow was for a long time naturally regarded as evidence of submergence beneath the sea. The striations, however, that are found on the rock-floor show that ice sheets traversed the whole country, and the uplift of materials from lower to higher layers of moving ice may now be regarded as well established. Much of our knowledge of tin-history of East Leinster in Glacial times is due to the pioneer-observer Maxwell H. Close, whose work in the Dublin district has been completed by G. W. Lamplugh. The latter geologist also showed how such immature ravines as the Scalp south of Dublin, which is cut across a granite spur, and the Glen of the Downs in Co. Wicklow already recognised by Close as post-glacial are due to torrential waters set free by the melting of the ice-fronts. The gravels accumulated in subglacial channels form grass-covered mounds and ridges (eskers) in the Lucan and Tallaght area of the plain, and the 
Norman Tymon Castle stands on a small typical esker near Babrothery. Evidence from Europe shows that a dry age followed the final melting of the glaciers. Then came the milder years when bogs gathered in the plain, and- even across the crests of The Leinster Chain, from which they are now being washed or blown away. The tree-stems found in the mountain bogs indicate at least one forest epoch, when the slopes were clad with conifers to heights of 1800 ft. or more.
Dublin (Accommodation, Dublin, Ireland) has long been a place apart from the rest of Ireland. It was founded in the eighth century by the Vikings and remained a base for their commerce and raiding until the decisive defeat of the battle of Clontarf in 1014. Although their military and political power waned, Dublin (Bed and Breakfasts, Dublin, Ireland) remained an essentially Viking city for a further two centuries. It was only when the invading Normans made the city the administrative centre for their activities in Ireland at the end of the twelfth century that its importance began to grow. For the following six hundred years Dublin (Holiday Cottages, Dublin, Ireland) remained the focus of Norman and English power in Ireland, and essentially foreign to the vast majority of the native Irish. In the nineteenth century, the population grew and changed rapidly as poverty, disease and overpopulation drove small tenants and landless labourers into the city in search of employment. By the early years of the twentieth century, the city had trebled in size 
and had some of the worst slums in Europe. Since independence, the city has continued to grow in both size and diversity and the majority of its inhabitants are now either migrants from elsewhere in the country, or the children of such migrants.